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item typeScientistborn inFranceborn in year1800 to 1900alma materÉcole Normale Supérieure
 
 
Jacques Hadamard

Jacques Hadamard

Jacques Salomon Hadamard was a French mathematician who made major contributions in number theory, complex function theory, differential geometry and partial differential equations.

 
 
Henri Lebesgue

Henri Lebesgue

Henri Léon Lebesgue was a French mathematician most famous for Lebesgue's theory of integration, which was a generalization of the seventeenth century concept of integration—summing the area between an axis and the curve of a function defined for that axis. His theory was published originally in his dissertation Intégrale, longueur, aire ("Integral, length, area") at the University of Nancy during 1902.

 
 
Paul Langevin

Paul Langevin

Paul Langevin was a prominent French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an antifascist organization created in the wake of the February 6, 1934 far right riots. Langevin was also president of the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1944 to 1946 — he had just recently joined the French Communist Party. He is buried at the Panthéon.

 
 
Jean Baptiste Perrin

Jean Baptiste Perrin

Jean Baptiste Perrin (30 September 1870 – 17 April 1942) was a French physicist and Nobel laureate.

 
 
Maurice René Fréchet

Maurice René Fréchet

Maurice Fréchet was a French mathematician. He made major contributions to the topology of point sets and introduced the entire concept of metric spaces. He also made several important contributions to the field of statistics and probability, as well as calculus. His dissertation opened the entire field of functionals on metric spaces and introduced the notion of compactness. Independently of Riesz, he discovered the representation theorem in the space of Lebesgue square integrable functions.

 
 
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Léon Brillouin

Léon Nicolas Brillouin (August 7, 1889 – October 4, 1969) was a French physicist. He was born in Sèvres, France. His father, Marcel Brillouin, grandfather, Éleuthère Mascart, and great-grandfather, Charles Briot, were physicists as well. He made contributions to quantum mechanics, radio wave propagation in the atmosphere, solid state physics, and information theory.