Pierre Paul Emile Roux was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist who was one of the closest collaborators of
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), a co-founder of the Pasteur Institute and discoverer of the anti-diphtheria serum, the first effective
therapy for this disease. Roux got his baccalaureate in sciences in 1871 and started his studies in 1872 at the Medical School
of Clermont-Ferrand.
Léon Charles Albert Calmette (July 12, 1863 – October 29, 1933) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist, and
an important officer of the Pasteur Institute. He discovered the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, an attenuated form of Mycobacterium
used in the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis. He also developed the first antivenin for snake venom, the Calmette's serum.
Calmette was born in Nice, France.
